Empoderando el pluriverso: posibilidades y retos para las transiciones energéticas decoloniales en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32399/ICSYH.bvbuap.2954-4300.2026.7.14.857Palabras clave:
Transición energética, justicia energética, justicia climática, pluriverso, yeknemilisResumen
Frente a la trayectoria genocida y ecocida del cambio climático y las soluciones “verdes” al mismo, superar la colonialidad encarnada en los modelos energéticos es de suma importancia. Dado que los modelos energéticos son co-constitutivos de las estructuras de poder, las transiciones energéticas presentan oportunidades para desafiar y transformar las estructuras de dominación en configuraciones de poder más liberadoras. A través de un análisis situado del proyecto “Energía para el yeknemilis”, que ejecuta la Unión de Cooperativas Tosepan Titataniske en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, México, argumentamos que las transiciones energéticas pueden articular una praxis decolonial. Con base en ocho meses de investigación-acción participativa que involucró la colaboración entre un investigador de ascendencia europea y el equipo de investigadores comunitarios sentipensantes del proyecto, hacemos dos contribuciones a la literatura relacionada con las transiciones energéticas y la praxis decolonial. En primer lugar, aportamos evidencia empírica para fundamentar las críticas decoloniales a la justicia ambiental, climática y energética. En segundo lugar, proponemos que el proyecto “Energía para el yeknemilis” desafía la colonialidad presente en la mayoría de los discursos actuales sobre la transición energética y los proyectos de transición “verde”. Para ello, discutimos cómo el proyecto contribuye a la construcción de un modelo de gestión energética rural, liderado por indígenas, orientado a lograr la soberanía energética y hacer realidad el yeknemilis o el xatlaan latamaat, que son articulaciones locales del Buen Vivir. También analizamos algunas posibilidades y retos para las transformaciones decoloniales ilustradas por el proyecto “Energía para el yeknemilis” en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, con la intención de fortalecerlo y aportar reflexiones para quienes luchan por modelos energéticos que sustenten la vida, alimentando la autodeterminación y el florecimiento de los pueblos y las comunidades indígenas y mestizos.
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